Chapter 10

Circulatory System

Principal Arteries of the Body

Structures of the Heart

Coronary Arteries

Basic Cardiac Assessments

Cardiac History

Topographic Areas for Cardiac Auscultation

Abnormal Heart Sounds

Murmur Grading Scale

Assessment of Pulse Sites

Edema Grading Scale

Pulse Grading Scale

For an in-depth study of the circulatory system, consult the following publications:

Lewis SM, et al: Medical-surgical nursing, ed 8, St. Louis, 2011, Mosby.

Nugent P, Green J, Hellmer Saul MA, Pelikan P: Mosby’s comprehensive review of nursing for the NCLEX-RN examination, ed 20, St. Louis, 2012, Mosby.

Patton K, Thibodeau G: Structure and function of the human body, ed 14, St. Louis, 2012, Mosby.

Potter PA, Perry AG, Stockert PA, Hall A: Fundamentals of nursing, ed 8, St. Louis, 2013, Mosby.

Weilitz P, Potter PA: Pocket guide for health assessment, ed 6, St. Louis, 2007, Mosby.

Principal Arteries of the Body

FIGURE 10-1 Principal arteries of the body. (Modified from Patton K, Thibodeau G: Structure and function of the human body, ed 14, St. Louis, 2012, Mosby.)

Structures of the Heart

FIGURE 10-2 Structures of the heart. A = anterior; AV = atrioventricular; L = left; P = posterior; R = right; SL = Semi lunar. (Modified from Patton K, Thibodeau G: Structure and function of the human body, ed 14, St. Louis, 2012, Mosby.)

Coronary Arteries

Right Coronary Artery

Right atrium arid anterior right ventricle

Supplies blood to:

Posterior septum (90%)

Posterior papillary muscle

Sinus and atrioventricular (AV) nodes (80%–90%)

Inferior aspect of left ventricle

Left Coronary Artery

Left anterior descending (LAD)

Supplies blood to:

Anterior left ventricular wall

Anterior papillary muscle

Left ventricular apex

Anterior interventricular septum

Septal branches supply conduction system

System bundle of His and bundle branches

Circumflex

Supplies blood to:

Left atrium

Posterior surfaces of left ventricle

Posterior aspect of the septum

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