8. Explosives/Mass Casualty Events

EXPLOSIVE TYPEDESCRIPTIONEXAMPLESHigh-order explosives (HE)



Produce a deafening supersonic overpressurization shock wave.


Manufactured (military) explosives are exclusively HE based.


May include improvised explosives.


Terrorists may use HE or HE plus LE to create explosives.



TNT


C-4


Semtex


Nitroglycerin


Dynamite


Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO)
Low-order explosives (LE)


Create a subsonic explosion and lack HE’s overpressurization wave.


May include improvised explosives.


Terrorists may use HE or HE plus LE to create explosives.



Pipe bombs


Gunpowder


Pure petroleum-based bombs




MECHANISMS OF BLAST INJURIES

See Table 8-2 for categories of blast injuries, including body part affected and type of injury.












TABLE 8-2 Categories of Blast Injuries
CATEGORY BODY PART AFFECTED TYPES OF INJURIES



Primary


Unique to HE


Results from impact of overpressurization wave with body surfaces



Gas-filled structures are most susceptible:


Lungs


GI tract


Middle ear

Get Clinical Tree app for offline access