Skill 3
Aquathermia and Heating Pads
A water-flow pad such as an aquathermia pad, electric heating pads, and commercial heat packs are common forms of dry heat therapy. Dry heat devices are applied directly to the surface of the skin; for this reason you need to take extra precautions to prevent burns, dry skin, and loss of body fluids. The aquathermia pad (water-flow pad) used in health care settings consists of a waterproof rubber or plastic pad connected by two hoses to an electrical control unit that has a heating element and motor. Distilled water circulates through hollowed channels in the pad to the control unit where water is heated (or cooled). In most health care facilities, the central supply department sets the temperature regulators to the recommended temperature. A temperature of 40° C (104° F) is safe for skin exposure for a long duration.
A conventional heating pad used in the home care setting consists of an electric coil enclosed in a waterproof cover. A cotton or flannel cloth covers the outer pad. The pad connects to an electrical cord that has a temperature-regulating unit for high, medium, or low settings. Because it is so easy to readjust temperature settings on heating pads, instruct patients not to turn the setting higher once they have adapted to the temperature. Instruct patient and family not to use the highest setting.
Delegation Considerations
The skill of applying dry heat can be delegated to nursing assistive personnel (NAP). The nurse must assess and evaluate the condition of the skin and tissues in the area that is treated and explain the purpose of the treatment. If there are risks or expected complications, this skill cannot be delegated. The nurse directs the NAP about:
▪ What to observe and report immediately, such as excessive redness and pain during application.
▪ Reporting when treatment is complete so the patient’s response can be evaluated.
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