Traction
Description
Involves the use of weights and pulleys to exert a pulling force and maintain a specified body part in correct alignment
Weights, must hang freely; ropes, shouldn’t have knots that could interfere with free movement
Purpose
To stabilize or immobilize a certain body part, reduce muscle spasms, or realign fractures or joint dislocations
Patient preparation
Explain to the child and his parents what the child will see and feel before the traction is applied. Keep in mind that the sight and idea of a body part in skeletal traction can be frightening to a child (and his parents).
Use dolls and toy traction devices to show the child what’s about to happen, to help familiarize him with the equipment, and to reduce his fear.
Involve the family as much as possible to reduce anxiety, encourage cooperation with the recommended treatment, and reduce the amount of disruption of the family structure.
Procedure
There are two basic types of traction that can be applied: skin and skeletal.
Skin traction is a non-invasive traction that’s especially useful for a child who may not require continuous traction. It’s applied by placing foam rubber straps against the affected part and then securing the straps with elastic bandages. Sometimes, the straps have an adhesive
backing. If this type of strap is used, the nurse should protect the skin by first applying compound benzoin tincture or another skin protectant. (See Types of skin traction.)
Skeletal traction exerts a greater force than skin traction by using wires or pins that are inserted into the bone, usually while the child is under anesthesia. Skeletal traction is continuous. (See Types of skeletal traction.)
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