Suggested Resources and Readings in Case Management
Teresa M. Treiger
Hussein M. Tahan
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this chapter, the reader will be able to:
Describe four different types of resources available to case management professionals.
Explain the case manager’s obligation toward and role in the advancement of the field of case management.
Describe three types of scholarly activities case managers may be involved in to advance the knowledge of case management practice.
List at least five commonly used case management textbooks.
Locate at least three case management journals.
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS
Accreditation
Certificate
Certification
Credentials
Credentialing
Professional
Development
Scholarly
Activities
Scholarship
Introduction
A. Although it is challenging to maintain a current case management resource list, an attempt to do so herein has been undertaken. These resources are intended to facilitate the continuous pursuit of knowledge, which is a hallmark of professional case management practice.
B. The resources available to case managers and other health professionals are constantly changing. New textbooks are often published by experts in the field and competing publishers, while other existing textbooks are updated to reflect current or future anticipated practices. Additionally, some textbooks are left untouched, which makes them outdated and no longer appropriate for application in practice. Moreover, some authors and publishers may decide to sunset certain textbooks, and therefore, these textbooks disappear from the industry altogether. These constant changes make it necessary for case management professionals to remain up to date on the knowledge available for practice.
C. Journal articles (or periodicals) generally are more current in their content compared to textbooks; however, periodicals are often not comprehensive enough in addressing a particular topic compared to textbooks, and sometimes, they share one expert’s experience or philosophical opinion instead of innovative, common practices and generalizable knowledge.
D. Despite the existing advantages and disadvantages to textbooks and periodicals, it is advisable for case management professionals to review both textbooks and periodicals available on a phenomenon of interest to gain a broader and more comprehensive perspective on the practice.
E. It is essential for case management professionals to conduct literature searches on topics or phenomena of interest and refrain from assuming that what is listed in this chapter is what they need or a comprehensive review of literature and the best available knowledge on the topic. The resources provided herein are but the proverbial tip-of-the-iceberg and intended as a first step in your lifelong learning quest as a case management professional.
F. No specific criteria (e.g., quality, credibility, accuracy, currency, or evidence rating scales) were applied in the selection of the resources (i.e., textbooks, periodicals, and Web sites) listed in this chapter.
In most cases, the textbook and journal references shared in this chapter are contemporary (2010 or more recent). Other resources are included when found to be the most current resource on the topic, a historically significant reference, or if it is otherwise regarded as classic or seminal work.
Regarding Internet sites, all Web site URL addresses were verified as valid and functional as of September 2015. If an address is no longer valid, the editors kindly suggest locating the host Web site’s home page and searching for the content from that point. Unfortunately, Web site content and locations change constantly. Also, keep in mind that content may no longer be freely accessible at the time you search for it. You may be required to register on a Web site in order to obtain the desired resource information or pay a nominal fee for accessing the resource.
G. It is likely that a textbook included in the resource list is an older edition from what is Retrieved from the time you are interested in it. Therefore, the editors suggest that you take the time and check first if a more recent edition is available before you access it. You may do
this by checking the publisher’s Web site or any other commonly used sales site you may be routinely accessing when you purchase your textbooks.
this by checking the publisher’s Web site or any other commonly used sales site you may be routinely accessing when you purchase your textbooks.
H. The resources included in this chapter are in no way meant to constitute an “exhaustive,” “comprehensive,” or a “systematic” review of the literature on case management. These resources are a starting point to get you going with your quest for key resources in case management. You may then locate other resources that are of greater interest to you in your specialty area (e.g., practice setting, professional discipline, or patient population you care for).
Descriptions of Key Terms
A. Accreditation—A program that is designed based on nationally recognized standards and reflective of the latest quality and safety practices in a particular specialty or health care organization type. The program is usually offered by a nongovernment agency, which acts as an independent reviewer of the interested health care organization. Based on defined standards, the accreditation agency makes a determination whether the organization meets the nationally recognized standards (also referred to as accreditation criteria). Based on the review findings, a decision is rendered. The organization is then referred to as accredited by that organization.
B. Certificate—A document awarded to affirm that an individual participated or attended a given educational program. It can be provided by any professional agency (private or public, for profit and not for profit), university, or college. Usually, a certificate is not nationally recognized in any form other than an evidence of educational credit. In cases where continuing education credit (CE) or units are offered, the CE certificate then reflects that a professional body, other than the agent offering the educational program, has reviewed the offering and deemed it appropriate for CE.
C. Certification—Use of this term varies based on its reference to an individual professional or to an organization or a program within an organization.
Certification (individual)—An official form of credential that is provided by a nationally recognized governmental or nongovernmental certifying agency (i.e., credentialing body) to a professional who meets a set of predetermined eligibility criteria and requirements of a particular field, practice, or specialty. It usually signifies the achievement of a passing score on an examination prepared by the certifying agency for that purpose. It also denotes an advanced degree of competence.
Certification (organization or program)—An official form of accreditation that is provided by a nationally recognized governmental or nongovernmental agency to an organization or a program within an organization (e.g., center of excellence) that meets nationally recognized requirements or standards of quality and safe performance.
D. Credentialing—Similar to certification, the use of this term varies based on whether it refers to an individual professional or to an organization, program, or service within an organization.
Credentialing (individual)—The process used to protect the consumer and to ensure that individuals hired to practice case management are providing quality case management services. This involves a review of the provider’s licensure; certification; insurance; evidence of malpractice insurance (if applicable); performance; knowledge, skills, and competencies; and history of lawsuits/malpractices.
Credentialing (organization, program, or service)—The process used in the review of a case management program or organization to ensure that it meets nationally recognized industry standards of quality. This is necessary for the provision of quality case management services and to protect the consumer.
E. Credentials—Evidence of competence, current and relevant licensure, certification, education, and experience.
F. Professional development—The process of ongoing learning and advancement of one’s specialty-based practice knowledge, skills, and abilities. It encompasses a variety of formal, informal, and ongoing jobembedded and facilitated learning opportunities. Examples of learning activities are academic degrees, coursework, attendance at conferences, on-the-job training, reading textbooks and journal articles, and formal coaching or mentoring.
G. Scholarly activities—The professional actions taken to disseminate knowledge and innovations. The main purpose is the sharing of information with others including one’s peers in a written, oral, or performance presentation using multimedia technology, which ultimately subjects the knowledge to critique or review for its utility and value in practice.
H. Scholarship—The development of new knowledge or enhancement of existing knowledge in a specific area or specialty. This may entail the discovery of new practices or insights about a phenomenon through research, application of the new discoveries into practice (translation of evidence into practice), or teaching others about, and the use of, the new discoveries in one’s practice.
Applicability to CMSA’s Standards of Practice
A. In its standards of practice for case management, CMSA describes the requirements for the case manager role including education, licensure or certification, and other qualifications. The standards also emphasize that case managers should maintain knowledge, skills, and competence in their area of practice (CMSA, 2010).
B. Case managers and other involved professionals are able to maintain and advance their knowledge, skills, and competence through professional development, scholarship, and scholarly activities.
C. Case managers have a primary obligation toward the field of case management: advancement of the practice. They can achieve this by engaging in research activities and sharing of their discoveries and
innovations with others either via presentations at conferences or publishing their work in the form of textbooks or journal articles.
innovations with others either via presentations at conferences or publishing their work in the form of textbooks or journal articles.
D. Case managers can also contribute to the field through volunteer activities, which may include membership in professional organizations (e.g., CMSA), assuming positions on association boards, and engaging in local, regional, or national taskforces about some aspects of case management practice (i.e., health and public policy).
E. Through scholarship and scholarly activities, case managers are able to contribute to the standards of practice so that these standards remain current and appropriate for guiding the practice.
Case Management Standards of Practice
A. Often, professional organizations or associations develop standards of practice in their area of specialization to guide their membership about the expected practice in that area.
B. There are many professional organizations that are directly or indirectly related to case management. These have developed and published standards either about the general or specialty practice of case management. Some also have published about case management practice in a particular patient population. Case managers must be familiar with the standards advocated for and published by the professional organizations in their case management specialty practice whether based on care settings, patient population, or professional discipline.
C. Here are some examples of widely used standards in case management practice:
Case Management Society of America, CMSA Standards of Practice for Case Management, revised 2010. Available at http://www.cmsa.org/portals/0/pdf/memberonly/StandardsOfPractice.pdf
Department of Veteran Affairs, Case Management Standards of Practice. Available at http://www1.va.gov/optometry/docs/VHA_ Handbook_1110-04_Case_Management_Standards_of_Practice.pdf
National Association of Social Workers (NASW), 2013 NASW Standards for Social Work Case Management. Available at https://www.socialworkers.org/practice/naswstandards/CaseManagementStandards2013.pdf
Commission for Case Manager Certification (CCMC), Case Management Body of Knowledge (CMBOK). Available at http://www. cmbodyofknowledge.com
Commission for Case Manager Certification (CCMC), Code of Professional Conduct for Case Managers with Standards, Rules, Procedures, and Penalties, revised 2015. Available at http://ccmcertification.org/content/ccm-exam-portal/code-professional-conduct-case-managers
Case Management Textbooks
A. The case management textbooks available vary based on the target audience or the basis of the core subject matter they address. They vary across work settings, practice sites, professional disciplines, and patient populations.
B. Below is a select list of available textbooks that case managers may find helpful in their quest for ongoing professional development and advancement.
Birmingham, J. (2010). Discharge planning guide: Tools for compliance (3rd ed.). Danvers, MA: HC Pro.
Bond, C. P., & Coleman, E. A. (2010). Reducing readmissions: A blueprint for improving care transitions. Danvers, MA: HC Pro.
Cesta, T. G., & Cunningham, B. A. (2009). Core skills for hospital case managers, a training tool for effective outcomes. Marblehead, MA: HCPro.
Cesta, T. G., & Tahan, H. A. (2016). The case manager’s survival guide: Winning strategies in the new healthcare environment (3rd ed.). Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc.
Cohen, E. L. & Cesta, T. (2004). Nursing case management: From essentials to advanced practice applications (4th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby.
Daniels, S., & Ramey, M. (2005). The leader’s guide to hospital case management. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Eack, S. M., Anderson, C. M., & Greeno, C. G. (2011). Mental health case management: A practical guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Finkelman, A. (2011). Case management for nurses. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Huber, D. L. (Ed.). (2013). Leadership and nursing care management (5th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders Elsevier.
Kathol, R. M., Perez, R. R., & Cohen, J. P. (2010). The integrated case management manual: Assisting complex patients regain physical and mental health. New York: Springer.
Mullahy, C. M. (2014). The case manager’s handbook (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.
Powell, S. K., & Tahan, H. A. (2009). Case management: A practical guide for education and practice (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Rossi, P. (2014). The hospital case management orientation manual. Danvers, MA: HC Pro.
Summers, N. (2015). Fundamentals of case management practice (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Treiger, T. M., & Fink-Samnick, E. (2015). COLLABORATE® for professional case management: A universal competency-based paradigm. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Walsh, K., & Zander, K. (2007). Emergency department case management: Strategies for creating and sustaining a successful program. Danvers, MA: HC Pro.
Weil, M., Karls, J. M., & Associates. (1985). Case management in human service practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Woodside, M., & McClam, T. (2013). Generalist case management (SAB 125 substance abuse case management) (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Brooks/Cole.
Zander, K. (2008). Hospital case management models: Evidence for connecting the boardroom to the bedside. Danvers, MA: HC Pro.
Case Management Journals
A. Journal articles about the practice of case management are as important as textbooks for professional development. Case managers must be familiar with available journals in case management. Accessing case management journals and reviewing their content help keep case managers up to date in their knowledge of the practice. It is a way of maintaining one’s knowledge, skills, and competencies, which ultimately enhance one’s image and identity as a professional.
B. Below is a list of select case management journals. Case managers may use these journals, and others, to publish their work and innovations and to remain abreast of others’ work and innovations.
Care Management Journals: Journal of Case Management; Journal of Long-Term Home Health Care; published by Springer Publishing Company.
Care Management: Official Journal of the Academy of Certified Case Managers and Commission for Case Manager Certification; published by the Academy.
Case in Point; published by Dorland Healthcare.
CMSA Today: The Official Voice of the Case Management Society of America; published by Naylor, LLC.
Geriatric Nursing; published by Elsevier.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society; published by Wiley.
Population Health Management; the Official Journal of the Population Health Alliance; published by the Alliance.
Professional Case Management: The official journal of CMSA; published by Wolters Kluwer.
History and Evolution of Case Management
A. Select Periodicals, Books, and Other Sources:
Buhler-Wilkerson, K. (1993). Bringing care to the people: Lillian Wald’s legacy to public health nursing. American Journal of Public Health, 83(12), 1778-1786.
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. 20 U.S.C. §1401 (1975). Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-89/pdf/STATUTE-89-Pg773.pdf
Feld, M. N. (2008). Lillian Wald: A biography. New York: The University of North Carolina Press.
Fulmer, H. (1902). History of visiting nurse work in America. American Journal of Nursing, 2(6), 411-425.
Johnson, M. A. (2005). Hull house. The electronic encyclopedia of Chicago. Retrieved from www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/615.html
Lane, L. C. (1963). Jane Addams as social worker, the early years at Hull House. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Accession No. AAI6307514
Lewis, L. (2008). Discussion and recommendations: Nurses and social workers supporting family caregivers. Journal of Social Work Education, 44(3), 129-136.
Linn, J. W. (1935). Jane Addams: A biography. [Kindle version]. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/Jane-Addams-James-Weber-Linn-ebook/dp/B00CIX2USC/ref=tmm_kin_title_popover
Lundblad, K. S. (1995). Jane Addams and social reform: A role model for the 1990s. Social Work, 40(5), 661-669.
Murdach, A. D. (2011). Mary Richmond and the image of social work. Social Work, 56(1), 92-94.
Netting, F. E. (1992). Case management: Service or symptom? Social Work, 37(2), 160-164.
Older Americans Act of 1965, 42 U.S.C. 3056. Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-79/pdf/STATUTE-79-Pg218.pdf
Social Security Act of 1935 Legislative History. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.ssa.gov/history/35act.html
Social Welfare History Archives. (n.d.). Henry street settlement records. Retrieved from http://special.lib.umn.edu/findaid/xml/sw0058.xml
Tahan, H. A. (1998). Case management: A heritage more than a century old. Nursing Case Management, 3(2), 55-60.
The Social Welfare History Project. (n.d.). Mary Ellen Richmond (1861-1928). Social work pioneer, administrator, researcher and author. Retrieved from http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/people/richmond-mary
Treiger, T. M., & Fink-Samnick, E. (May/June, 2013). COLLABORATE: A universal competency-based paradigm for professional case management, Part I: Introduction, historical validation, and competency presentation. Professional Case Management, 18(3), 122-135. doi:10.1097/NCM.0b013e31828562c0
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). Historical evolution of programs for older Americans. Administration on Aging. Retrieved from www.aoa.gov/AoARoot/AoA_Programs/OAA/resources/History.aspx
Wade, L. (1967). The heritage from Chicago’s early settlement houses. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 60(4), 411-441. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40190170
Wald, L. D. (1991). The house of Henry Street. New Brunswick, CA: Transaction Publishers.
Healthcare Benefits, Payment, and Reimbursement Systems