Questions and Answers
PART II · QUESTIONS
1. A nurse conducting a community health education program stresses that Lyme disease is caused by a _____________.
a. Spirochete
b. Virus
c. Parasite
d. Helminth
View Answer
1. The correct answer is a. Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which is carried by ticks.
2. When conducting a community education program related to Lyme disease, the nurse stresses that if left untreated, Lyme disease result in which of the following?
a. Respiratory failure
b. Acute renal failure
c. Cardiac dysrhythmias
d. Permanent skin lesions
View Answer
2. The correct answer is c. Untreated Lyme disease results in severe atrioventricular block 2 to 3 months after infection.
3. Maria brought her 10-year-old child to the clinic. She was concerned that the child could develop Lyme disease because a deer tick was found on the child. The nurse tells Maria that infection with Lyme disease is likely if the deer tick
a. Was large
b. Was attached to the child’s skin for at least 24 hours
c. Caused bleeding
d. Remained attached for at least 1 hour
View Answer
3. The correct answer is b. The tick must generally remain attached to the skin for at least 24 hours for Lyme disease to occur.
4. Systemic lupus erythematosus is
a. An acute autoimmune disease
b. The result of hyperactivity of killer T cells
c. A chronic multisystem inflammatory disease
d. More common in men aged 20 to 30 than in women in that age group
5. The nurse conducting a health education program as part of a PTA meeting stresses that gastrointestinal infections are more likely to occur in people who
a. Smoke
b. Are lactose intolerant
c. Take antacids
d. Eat a spicy diet
View Answer
5. The correct answer is c. Antacids change the pH of gastric contents, a natural protection against pathogens.
6. During an orientation session for new hires, the nurse educator stresses that some pathogens can survive on bed rails and tables for
a. 30 minutes to an hour
b. Weeks
c. 5-20 minutes
d. 2-3 months
View Answer
6. The correct answer is b. Some pathogens can survive weeks on inanimate objects, like over-bed tables.
7. Which of the following statements about a fever is correct?
a. A fever is generally harmful.
b. Oral prednisone masks a fever.
c. A fever suppresses the action of macrophages.
d. A rectal fever of 99.6 °F in children indicates serious infection.
View Answer
7. The correct answer is b. Immunosuppressed patients will have a low-grade fever even during a serious infectious process. Oral prednisone causes immunosuppression.
8. During an in-service in a long-term care facility, the nurse educator stresses that in the elderly (select all that apply)
a. Infection usually produces a fever above 101°F.
b. Changes in mental status may indicate an infection.
c. Fatigue is a possible sign of infection.
d. A fever 2 degrees above baseline requires immediate attention.
View Answer
8. The correct answers are b, c, and d. Elders generally do not present with a high fever as a sign of infection.
9. What is the most accurate test to detect HIV infection currently on the market?
a. ELISA
b. OraSure
c. Western blot
d. B-cell analysis
View Answer
9. The correct answer is c. The Western blot is the most sensitive test to detect HIV antibodies.
b. HIV uses reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA to DNA.
c. HIV infections can be completely eradicated by the use of antivirals.
d. HIV infection initially causes pronounced signs and symptoms.
View Answer
10. The correct answer is b. As a retrovirus, HIV carries its genetic code in RNA, which must be converted to DNA.
11. The role of histamine in the inflammatory process includes
a. Initiating vasoconstriction to limit bleeding
b. Coating pathogens for easier phagocytosis
c. Promoting hyperthermia
d. Increasing capillary permeability
View Answer
11. The correct answer is d. Histamine promotes capillary permeability, allowing leukocytes to move to the injured area.
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