Questions and Answers
PART IX · QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is a major function of the kidneys?
a. Converting vitamin D to the active form
b. The proliferation of leukocytes
c. Converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
d. Producing antibodies
View Answer
1. The correct answer is a. Inactive vitamin D is converted to the active form by the kidneys.
2. Which of the following laboratory results would give the nurse the best information concerning a patient’s renal function?
a. Blood urea nitrogen
b. Serum creatinine
c. Urinalysis
d. Red blood cell count
View Answer
2. The correct answer is b. Creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidneys. Unlike the blood urea nitrogen, it does not rise or fall in response to fluid balance.
3. Which of the following statements about urinary tract infections (UTIs) is true?
a. UTIs are more common in men than in women.
b. UTIs frequently result from highly acidic urine.
c. UTIs are prevented by voiding.
d. UTIs occur in 70% of patients with an indwelling catheter.
4. A nurse explains hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) to the parents of a child with the disorder. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Antibiotics are the treatment of choice for HUS.
b. Seizure activity is a symptom of HUS.
c. HUS is spread by dairy products.
d. HUS is caused by S. alternans.
View Answer
4. The correct answer is b. Seizure activity, bloody diarrhea, anemia, and renal failure are symptoms of HUS.
5. The pathology of the nephrotic syndrome includes which of the following?
a. Thickening of the basement membrane and glomeruli collagen deposits
b. Glomeruli damage by group B hemolytic streptococci
c. IgA hyperactivity
d. Glomerular proliferation
View Answer
5. The correct answer is a. The nephrotic syndrome causes increased glomerular capillary membrane permeability and basement membrane thickening as a result of collagen deposits in the glomeruli.
6. The treatment plan for a patient with glomerulonephritis includes which of the following?
a. Blood transfusions to correct anemia
b. A high protein diet to restore albumin levels
c. Potassium restriction to correct electrolyte imbalance
d. Systemic steroids to reduce inflammation
View Answer
6. The correct answer is d. Systemic steroids help reduce inflammation, whereas a low protein diet slows the progression to renal failure.
7. Stretch receptors in the bladder are initially stimulated when the bladder fills to
a. 150 cc
b. 400 cc
c. 550 cc
d. 600 cc
View Answer
7. The correct answer is a. Parasympathetic pelvic nerves are stimulated when the bladder fills to between 150 and 300 cc.
8. Which of the following causes urge incontinence?
a. Damage to the spinal cord at the level of S2-4
b. Urinary retention
c. An overactive detrusor muscle
d. A weak urethral sphincter
View Answer
8. The correct answer is c. An overactive detrusor muscle causes repetitive strong contractions of the muscle, which overcomes urethral sphincter control.
a. Struvite calculi are caused by an abundance of calcium in the blood.
b. Struvite calculi may result from a UTI.
c. Struvite calculi are more common when the urine is acidic.
d. Struvite calculi are frequently composed of uric acid.
View Answer
9. The correct answer is b. The bacteria that causes a UTI produces an enzyme that splits urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, creating an alkaline urine and increased phosphate, which combines with magnesium and ammonium to form a calculus.
10. When explaining finasteride to a patient, the nurse stresses which of the following?
a. It can reduce the size of the prostate gland by 50% to 75%.
b. It is an estrogen supplement associated with reduction in prostate size.
c. It causes the proliferation of stromal cells in the prostate.
d. It blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, thereby reducing prostate size.
View Answer
10. The correct answer is d. Lowering the level of dihydrotestosterone results in less prostatic tissue growth. The prostate normally converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
a. ARF usually progresses to chronic renal failure.
b. ARF initially produces profuse urine with a low specific gravity.
c. ARF may take 1 year to resolve.
d. ARF is commonly caused by radiological dyes.
View Answer
11. The correct answer is c. The resolution stage of acute renal failure may take 3 to 12 months.
12. Renal insufficiency develops when the glomerular filtration rates drop by which of the following percentages?
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 60%
d. 90%
View Answer
12. The correct answer is b. The term renal insufficiency is used when the glomerular filtration rate drops to between 20% and 50%.
13. A patient with renal tubular acidosis exhibits
a. An imbalance of bicarbonate levels
b. Hyperglycemia
c. Fluid retention
View Answer
13. The correct answer is a. When either the distal or proximal tubules are damaged, bicarbonate is excreted.
14. Signs and symptoms of drug-related nephropathy include which of the following?
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