Used to move the patient’s joints through as full a range of motion (ROM) as possible, passive ROM exercises improve or maintain joint mobility and help prevent contractures. Performed by a nurse, a physical therapist, or a caregiver of the patient’s choosing, these exercises are indicated for the patient with temporary or permanent loss of mobility, sensation, or consciousness. Properly performed passive ROM exercises require recognition of the patient’s limits of motion and support of all joints during movement.

Exercises performed in the bed help with joint mobility, strength, and endurance and they prepare the patient for ambulating. During passive ROM exercises, another person moves the patient’s extremities so that the joints move through a complete ROM, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over each joint.

Passive ROM exercises are contraindicated in patients with septic joints, acute thrombophlebitis, severe arthritic joint inflammation, or recent trauma with possible hidden fractures or internal injuries.

ROM exercises require no special equipment other than gloves and personal protective equipment as indicated.