Given as a separate solution in conjunction with parenteral nutrition or as a component of a total nutrient admixture or three-in-one solution, lipid emulsions are a source of calories and essential fatty acids. A deficiency in essential fatty acids can hinder wound healing, adversely affect production of red blood cells, and impair prostaglandin synthesis.

Lipid emulsions given alone can be administered through either a peripheral or a central venous line. Central venous access is preferred if lipid infusion is ordered for more than 48 hours and is required if it accompanies hypertonic parenteral nutrition solution.¹

Lipid emulsions are contraindicated in patients who have a condition that disrupts normal fat metabolism, such as pathologic hyperlipidemia, lipid nephrosis, or acute pancreatitis. They also can’t be given to patients with severe egg allergies. They must be used cautiously in patients who have liver or pulmonary disease, anemia, or coagulation disorders as well as in those who are at risk for developing a fat embolism.