Hypospadias — congenital anomaly of the penis in which the urethral meatus opens on the ventral surface (underside) of the penis; occurs in 1 in 300 live male births

Epispadias — rare condition in which the urinary meatus opens on the dorsal surface (top side) of the penis; occurs in 1 in 200,000 live male births

Both conditions: shortened distance to the bladder, offering bacteria easier access

Hypospadias — The urethral opening is located on the ventral surface of the penis. In severe cases, the urethral opening is located on the perineal or scrotal region.

Epispadias — The urethral opening is located on the dorsal surface of the penis. (See Hypospadias and epispadias.)