Hyperglycemic Drugs
TERM
□ glucagon (GlucaGen)
QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD
Hyperglycemic drugs are indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia.
Glucagon is effective when liver glycogen is available and is ineffective in chronic hypoglycemia, adrenal insufficiency, and starvation.1
Oral diazoxide is indicated for the treatment of hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulinism and is not indicated for treatment of functional hypoglycemia.1
Table 53-1 Hyperglycemic Drugs | ||||||
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HYPERGLYCEMIC DRUGS CLIENT TEACHING
Instruct about the importance of diet, exercise, blood glucose testing, and regular follow-up care with health care provider.
Monitor blood sugar and report signs of hypo- or hyperglycemia to health care provider.
Change positions gradually to avoid light-headedness.
Take oral glucose as soon as symptoms of hypoglycemia occurs.
Check expiration date frequently and replace outdated drug as soon as possible.
Monitor blood sugar and report signs of hypo- or hyperglycemia to health care provider.
Change positions gradually to avoid light-headedness.Glucagon (GlucaGen)
Reserved for when client cannot swallow due to decreased level of consciousness or is unconscious
Instruct how to mix and inject.
Give SC at a 90-degree angle.
If nausea and vomiting occur for more than 1 hour, thus preventing eating after taking, contact health care provider.
Reserved for when client can not swallow due to decreased level of consciousness or is unconscious
ACTIONGlucagon (GlucaGen)
Stimulates hepatic production of glucose from glycogenolysis (glycogen stores)
Diazoxide (Proglycem)
Increases blood sugar by inhibiting the release of pancreatic insulin
USEGlucagon
Severe hypoglycemia when use of glucose not feasible
Facilitation of GI radiograph
Diazoxide (Proglycem)
Hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulism
IV use for hypertensive emergency
ADVERSE EFFECTS AND SIDE EFFECTSGlucagon (GlucaGen)
Pregnancy category B
GI: Nausea and vomiting
Other: Allergic reaction
Diazoxide (Proglycem)
Pregnancy category C
Derm: Hirsutism
Endocrine: Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis
GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, taste alterations
GU: Decreased urine output, edema, weight gain
INTERACTIONSGlucagon
None significant
Diazoxide (Proglycem)
Concurrent use with alcohol, antihypertensives, diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and peripheral vasodilators increases hypotensive effects.
Concurrent use with phenytoin decreases effects of phenytoin.
CONTRAINDICATIONSGlucagon (GlucaGen)
Hypersensitivity including hypersensitivity to thiazides or other sulfonamide medications
Pheochromocytoma
Diazoxide (Proglycem)
Hypersensitivity
Functional hypoglycemia
NURSING IMPLICATIONSAll Hyperglycemics
Assess for signs of hypoglycemia.
Monitor blood sugar throughout hypoglycemic episode.
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