Hydrochlorothiazide(hye droe klor oh thye’ a zide)
Apo-Hydro (CAN), Ezide, HydroDIURIL, Hydro-Par, Microzide Capsules
PREGNANCY CATEGORY B
Drug class
Thiazide diuretic
Therapeutic Actions
Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in distal renal tubule, increasing the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water by the kidney.
Indications
Adjunctive therapy in edema associated with heart failure, cirrhosis, corticosteroid, and estrogen therapy; renal impairment
Hypertension as sole therapy or in combination with other antihypertensives
Contraindications and Cautions
Contraindicated with allergy to thiazides, sulfonamides; fluid or electrolyte imbalance; renal disease (can lead to azotemia); liver disease (risk of hepatic coma); anuria.
Use cautiously with gout (risk of attack); SLE; glucose tolerance abnormalities, diabetes mellitus; hyperparathyroidism; manic-depressive disorder (aggravated by hypercalcemia); pregnancy; lactation, elevated triglyceride levels.
Available Forms
Tablets—12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg; capsules—12.5 mg
Dosages
Adults
Edema: 25–100 mg daily PO until dry weight is attained. Then, 25–100 mg daily PO or intermittently, up to 200 mg/day.
Hypertension: 12.5–50 mg PO; maximum dose, 50 mg/day.
Calcium nephrolithiasis: 50 mg daily or bid PO.
Pediatric patients
General guidelines: 1–2 mg/kg/day PO in one or two doses.
Maximum dose: 2–12 yr: 100 mg/day PO in two doses; 6 mo–2 yr: 37.5 mg/day PO in two doses; Younger than 6 mo: Up to 3 mg/kg/day PO in two doses.
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