Hearing is an anatomic function in which the external ear collects sounds and sends them to the eardrum, or tympanic membrane, which separates the outer ear from the inner ear. Sounds are then interpreted by the brain, which processes the appropriate response. The three primary bones involved in sound transmission are the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).

Causes of hearing loss include chronic ear infections, trauma (pressure changes), age changes (presbycusis), and neuromas on the acoustic nerve. Certain drugs may also contribute to hearing loss or degradation, including aspirin, naproxen, and ketorolac.

Many people—no matter what their age—are embarrassed to admit to hearing loss. They may find themselves nodding agreement with something someone said, even if they’re unsure what was said. Or they may not pay attention when someone is talking, unintentionally offending the speaker. Patients who have hearing loss may be able to use a hearing aid to help regain some of the lost hearing. Several types of hearing aids are available:

Patients generally wear hearing aids during the day only. At night and at times of rest, the hearing aid is usually removed. Because of the fragile nature of the hearing aid, it’s important to clean it properly and carefully to avoid damage.