Fetal developmental milestones
The fetus typically achieves specific developmental milestones by the end of certain gestational weeks. By the end of the fourth week, the fetus shows signs of growth in all areas assessed.
By 4 weeks
Head becomes prominent, accounting for about one-third of the total mass.
Head is bent to such a degree that it appears as if it’s touching the tail; embryo is C-shaped.
Heart appears in a rudimentary form as a bulge on the anterior surface.
Eyes, ears, and nose appear in a rudimentary form.
Nervous system begins to form.
Extremities appear as buds.
By 8 weeks
Organ formation is complete.
Head accounts for about one-half of the total mass.
Heart is beating and has a septum and valves.
Arms and legs are developed.
Abdomen is large, with evidence of fetal intestines.
Facial features are readily visible; eye folds are developed.
Gestational sac is visible on ultrasound.
By 12 weeks
Nail beds are beginning to form on extremities; arms appear in normal proportions.
Heartbeat can be heard using a Doppler ultrasound stethoscope.
Kidney function is beginning; fetal urine may be present in amniotic fluid.
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