Usually the safest, most convenient, and least expensive administration method; most drugs given orally in pediatric patients

Available as tablets, enteric-coated tablets, capsules, syrups, elixirs, oils, liquids, suspensions, powders, and granules

May require special preparation before administration, such as mixing with juice to make them more palatable; oils, powders, and granules typically requiring preparation

Because a child responds to drugs more rapidly and unpredictably than an adult, pediatric drug administration requiring special care; such factors as age, weight, and body surface area may dramatically affect child’s response

Certain disorders possibly affecting a child’s response to medication (for example, liver or kidney disorders can hinder the metabolism of some medications)

Techniques possibly needing adjustment to account for the child’s age, size, and developmental level (for example, a tablet for a young child may be crushed and mixed with a liquid for oral administration)

Check the physician’s order for the prescribed drug and dosage.

Compare the order with the drug label, check the drug expiration date, and review the child’s chart for any drug allergies.

Carefully calculate the dosage. Double-check dosages with another nurse for potentially hazardous or lethal drugs, such as insulin, heparin, digoxin, epinephrine, and opioids. Check your facility’s policy to learn which drugs must be calculated and checked by two nurses.

Confirm the child’s identity using two patient identifiers according to facility policy.