Droplet precautions prevent infectious pathogens from traveling from the respiratory tract of an infectious person to the mucous membranes of a susceptible host.¹ These pathogens, which are carried by respiratory droplets, spread when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks or during procedures such as suctioning or endotracheal intubation. (See Conditions requiring droplet precautions, page 234.)

Ideally, a patient requiring droplet precautions should be placed in a single-patient room.¹ People having direct contact with the patient and those who will be within 3′ (0.9 m) of him should wear a surgical mask covering the nose and mouth. When exposure to a highly virulent pathogen is likely, it may be prudent to wear a mask when within 6′ to 10′ (2 to 3 m) of the patient or upon entering the patient’s room.¹

As a general precaution, instruct anyone who enters your health care facility with signs of a respiratory infection (such as cough, congestion, rhinorrhea, or increased respiratory secretions) to cover his mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing and have him dispose of soiled tissues promptly. Have him wear a surgical mask, if tolerated, and instruct him to perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions. If possible, separate him by at least 3′ from other people in common waiting areas to prevent the spread of infection.¹ These actions can help prevent the spread of infectious pathogens until appropriate isolation precautions are established.