Burns
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The physiological changes accompanying burn injury depend on the degree and surface area of the burn. Burns range from first-degree minor injuries that destroy the outermost layer of the epidermis to fourth-degree predominately fatal injuries involving muscle and bone.
The degree and surface area of burns determine the physiological changes that are seen. They range from first-degree minor injuries to fourth-degree predominately fatal injuries.
FIRST-DEGREE BURNS
First-degree injuries destroy the outermost layer of the epidermis but the skin remains intact. Blisters do not form, but erythema is present and the injured area is uncomfortable. First-degree burns occur from ultraviolet light exposure such as sunburn or a brief exposure to hot liquid. Aspirin or acetaminophen helps to relieve the discomfort.
Second-Degree Burns
Second-degree burns involve a partial-thickness injury to the tissue and are classified as superficial or deep. The superficial second-degree burn
takes 3-4 weeks for proper healing, whereas the second-degree deep injury takes at least 30 or more days for complete healing.
takes 3-4 weeks for proper healing, whereas the second-degree deep injury takes at least 30 or more days for complete healing.
Superficial second-degree burns destroy the epidermis and lightly damage the dermis. Blisters form and the skin is moist and weepy.
Superficial second-degree burns destroy the epidermis and lightly damage the dermis. Blisters form and the skin appears to be moist and weepy. This type of injury may be caused by a brief exposure to flame or hot liquids. Pain sensors remain intact; therefore this type of burn is more painful than first-degree injuries. Generally, the site heals in 3 to 4 weeks provided infection does not occur.
Deep second-degree burns destroy the epidermis, dermis, and epidermal appendages. Blisters form but do not have the normal fluid-filled appearance. Instead, they are thin and paper-like. The injured area is mottled, waxy-white, pink, or red in color. This type of burn results from flame or scalding liquids. With deep tissue destruction pain sensors are destroyed; however, the area is surrounded by pain sensors in less damaged areas that are extremely sensitive to the injury. In healthy people and without the complication of infection, this type of injury heals in approximately 30 days. Skin grafting may be required.
With deep tissue destruction pain sensors are destroyed; however, the area is surrounded by pain sensors in less damaged areas that are extremely sensitive to the injury.