Antitussive Drugs
TERMS
□ dextromethorphan (Vicks Formula 44, Robitussin DM)
□ diphenhydramine (Benylin, Benadryl)
□ codeine (Dimetane-DC, Tussar SF)
QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD
Coughing serves a protective purpose in removing secretions and foreign substances from the respiratory tract. The cough center is located in the medulla and is triggered when the cough reflex receptors found in the bronchi, alveoli, and pleura are stimulated and in turn, stretched.1 There are situations when coughing is not beneficial, for example, after certain surgeries (eg, a tonsillectomy) when coughing may be harmful or for a dry nonproductive cough, as in bronchitis.
The two categories of antitussives are opioid and nonopioid antitussives. The nonopioid antitussives are less effective than the opioid antitussives. Dextromethorpan (Vicks 44, Robitussin DM) is the most popular antitussive of both categories.
If used properly, the opioid antitussives should not lead to dependency. They are rarely used as sole agents.
Prescription antitussives are usually indicated when OTC preparations have not been effective.
Table 34-1 Antitussive Drugs | |||||||||||||||
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ANTITUSSIVE DRUGS CLIENT TEACHING
Avoid concurrent use of OTCs and herbal remedies without consulting with physician.
Use an antitussive for a dry, nonproductive cough.
Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery while taking antitussives as they may cause drowsiness.
Encourage fluid intake unless contraindicated.
Avoid drinking fluids for at least 30 minutes after taking an antitussive.
Contact health care provider if cough persists for more than a week, or if a rash, fever, or persistent headache occurs.
Use an antitussive for a dry, nonproductive cough.
Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery while taking antitussives as they may cause drowsiness.
ACTIONNonopioid Antitussives
Suppress the cough reflex through direct action to the cough center.1 They do not cause addiction nor CNS depression like the opioid antitussives. They are available OTC.
Nonopioid Antitussives (Locally Acting)
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