Antitubercular Drugs
TERM
□ isoniazid (INH)
QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease but it continues to be found worldwide. It is estimated that there are 8 million new cases of TB found per year in the world and most happen in developing countries.1 Reasons for the continuing presence of TB include the development of multidrug-resistant mycobacteria and AIDS.1
The antitubercular drugs are divided into two groups, the first- and second-line drugs. First-line drugs will be discussed individually. Isoniazid (INH) is the prototype drug for TB, because it is included in all treatment regimens except one, INH-resistant TB.2 The drugs used for treatment of TB are used in combination as this allows for the drugs to act on the bacteria at different phases of their life cycle as well as to reduce development of resistant strains.3
Table 11-1 Antitubercular Drugs | |||||||||||||||
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ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS CLIENT TEACHINGIsoniazid (INH)
Do not drink alcohol.
Do not eat foods that contain histamine or tyramine.
Do not breast-feed.
Stop drug if any of these symptoms occur: jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stools, chills, fever, skin rash.
Report numbness or tingling in hands and feet to physician.
Stop drug if any of these symptoms occur: jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stools, chills, fever, skin rash.
Report numbness or tingling in hands and feet to physician.Ethambutol (Myambutol)
Do not breast-feed.
Report any eye problems.
Report any eye problems.Ethionamide (Trecator SC)
Do not drink alcohol.
Do not breast-feed.
Change position slowly.
Change position slowly.Pyrazinamide (PZA)
Do not breast-feed.
Tell physician of any urination problems.
Increase fluids.
Tell physician of any urination problems.Rifampin (Rifadin)
Do not breast-feed.
Do not stop and restart drug as flu-like syndrome may occur.
Body secretions will be red-orange colored.
Contact lenses may be permanently stained red-orange.
Additional birth control necessary if taking oral contraceptives.
Body secretions will be red-orange colored.
ACTIONIsoniazid (INH)
Prevents synthesis of mycolic acid, which is an integral part of the mycobacteria cell wall
Ethambutol (Myambutol)
Prevents RNA synthesis in the mycobacteria cell wall, thus stopping growth.
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