Antidiabetics



Antidiabetics





PREGNANCY CATEGORY B, C (GLYBURIDE, METFORMIN)


Therapeutic Actions

Oral antidiabetics include several drug types. One type, called the sulfonylureas, stimulates insulin release from functioning beta cells in the pancreas and may either improve binding between insulin and insulin receptors or increase the number of insulin receptors. Second-generation sulfonylureas (glipizide and glyburide) are thought to be more potent than first-generation sulfonylureas. Other types include drugs that increase insulin receptor sensitivity (thiazolidinediones); drugs that delay or alter glucose absorption (acarbose, miglitol); drugs that increase the stimulus for insulin release (DPP-4 inhibitors, incretin mimetics); and insulin, which is used for replacement therapy.


Indications



  • Adjuncts to diet and exercise to lower blood glucose in patients with type 2 (non–insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus


  • Adjuncts to insulin therapy in the stabilization of certain cases of insulin-dependent maturity-onset diabetes, reducing the insulin requirement and decreasing the chance of hypoglycemic reactions


  • Replacement therapy in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and when oral drugs cannot control glucose levels in type 2 diabetes




Adverse Effects

Jul 20, 2016 | Posted by in NURSING | Comments Off on Antidiabetics

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